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Harman and Ising
Hugh Harman (August 31, 1903 – November 25, 1982) and Rudolf "Rudy" Carl Ising (August 7, 1903 – July 18, 1992) were an American animation team best known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios. They are particularly celebrated for Harman's 1939 antiwar MGM cartoon ''Peace on Earth'' and Ising won an Oscar for the MGM cartoon ''The Milky Way'' in 1940.
==Early history==
Harman and Ising first worked in animation in the early 1920s at Walt Disney's studio in Kansas City. When Disney moved operations to California, Harman, Ising, and fellow animator Carman Maxwell stayed behind to try to start their own studio. Their plans went nowhere, however, and the men soon rejoined Disney to work on his ''Alice Comedies'' and ''Oswald the Lucky Rabbit'' films. It was during this time, that Harman and Ising developed a style of cartoon drawing that would later be closely associated with, and credited to, Disney.
When producer Charles Mintz ended his association with Disney, Harman and Ising went to work for Mintz, whose brother-in-law, George Winkler, set up a new animation studio to make the ''Oswald'' cartoons. The Oswald cartoons which Harman and Ising produced in 1928 and 1929 already show their distinctive style, which would later characterize their work on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon series for Warner Bros.〔Putterman, Barry, "Le origini: il periodo Harman-Ising (1930-1935)" ''Griffithiana'' Vol VII nr 16-17 (June 1984); p 10.〕 For example, in ''Sick Cylinders'' (1929)〔''Catalog of Copyright Entries: Motion Pictures: 1912-1939'' Copyright Office: Library of Congress, 1951: 770.〕 there are sequences which were later remade very closely in such Harman and Ising Warner Bros. efforts as ''Sinkin' in the Bathtub'' (1930)〔''Catalog of Copyright Entries: Motion Pictures: 1912-1939'' Copyright Office: Library of Congress, 1951: 755.〕 and ''Bosko's Holiday'' (1931).〔''Catalog of Copyright Entries: Motion Pictures: 1912-1939'' Copyright Office: Library of Congress, 1951: 84.〕 The Oswald cartoons that Harman and Ising worked on are completely different from the Oswald cartoons made before and after Disney and can easily be distinguished by anyone familiar with their work.〔 Late in 1929, Universal Pictures who owned the rights to Oswald, started its own animation studio headed by Walter Lantz, replacing Mintz and forcing Harman and Ising out of work.〔Putterman, Barry, "Le origini: il periodo Harman-Ising (1930-1935)" ''Griffithiana'' Vol VII nr 16-17 (June 1984); p 11.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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